Priznanje i izvrsenje stranih sudskih odluka u Srbiji
Postovana koleginice Isabelle,,
Nakon jucerasnjih telefonskih konsultacija u vezi predmeta g-dje Branke Markovic, zamoljen sam sa njene strane da Vam uputim pismeno obrazlozenje vezano za institut Priznanja i izvrsenja stranih sudskih odluka u Srbiji.
U analizu merituma sudske odluke koju je doneo svajcarski sud u predmetu g-dje Branke Markovic ne mogu da ulazim , jer istu odluku nisam video , niti sam pak ucestvovao u tom postupku. S toga cu se fokusirati samo na relevantne odredbe srpskog zakonodavstva koje odredjuju nadleznost suda po pitanju resavanja sporova sa medjunarodnim elementom i sledstveno tome , na institut priznanja i izvrsenja stranih sudskih odluka u Srbiji.
Sta kazu srpski zakoni:
Zakon o parnicnom postupku Srbije
2. Nadležnost sudova za sporove sa međunarodnim elementom
Član 26
Domaći sud je nadležan za suđenje, ako je njegova nadležnost za spor sa međunarodnim elementom izričito predviđena zakonom ili međunarodnim ugovorom.
- Izricito je navedena Zakonom o resavanju sukoba zakona sa propisima drugih zemalja- Clan 71.
Ako u zakonu ili međunarodnom ugovoru nema izričite odredbe o nadležnosti domaćeg suda za određenu vrstu sporova, domaći sud je nadležan za suđenje u toj vrsti sporova i ako njegova nadležnost proizlazi iz odredaba zakona o mesnoj nadležnosti domaćeg suda.
Član 51
Za suđenje u sporovima o pravu svojine i drugim stvarnim pravima na nepokretnosti, sporovima zbog smetanja državine na nepokretnosti, kao i u sporovima iz zakupnih odnosa na nepokretnosti, isključivo je mesno nadležan sud na čijem području se nalazi nepokretnost.
Ako se nepokretnost nalazi na području više sudova, nadležan je svaki od tih sudova.
U sporovima zbog smetanja državine na pokretnim stvarima, pored suda opšte mesne nadležnosti, nadležan je i sud na čijem području je nastalo smetanje.
Porodicni zakon Srbije
Primena zakona kojim se uređuje parnični postupak
Član 202
Na postupak suda koji je u vezi sa porodičnim odnosima primenjuju se odredbe zakona kojim se uređuje parnični postupak, ako ovim zakonom nije drugačije određeno.
Mesna nadležnost
Član 209
U bračnom sporu mesno je nadležan sud određen zakonom kojim se uređuje parnični postupak.
- A to je Clan 51 Zakona o parnicnom postupku.
ZAKON O REŠAVANJU SUKOBA ZAKONA SA PROPISIMA DRUGIH ZEMALJA
OSNOVNE ODREDBE
Član 1
Ovaj zakon sadrži pravila o određivanju merodavnog prava za statusne, porodične i imovinske, odnosno druge materijalnopravne odnose s međunarodnim elementom.
Ovaj zakon sadrži i pravila o nadležnosti sudova i drugih organa Savezne Republike Jugoslavije za raspravljanje odnosa iz stava 1. ovog člana, pravila postupka i pravila za priznanje i izvršenje stranih sudskih i arbitražnih odluka.
Član 2
Ako u ovom zakonu nema odredbe o pravu merodavnom za neki odnos iz člana 1. stav 1. ovog zakona, shodno se primenjuju odredbe i načela ovog zakona, načela pravnog poretka Savezne Republike Jugoslavije i načela međunarodnog privatnog prava.
Član 3
Odredbe ovog zakona ne primenjuju se na odnose iz člana 1. ovog zakona ako su regulisani drugim saveznim zakonom ili međunarodnim ugovorima.
Član 4
Ne primenjuje se pravo strane države ako bi njegovo dejstvo bilo suprotno Ustavom SRJ utvrđenim osnovama društvenog uređenja.
Glava druga
MERODAVNO PRAVO
Član 18
Za svojinskopravne odnose i druga prava na stvari merodavno je pravo mesta gde se stvar nalazi.
Član 21
Za ugovore koji se odnose na nepokretnosti isključivo je merodavno pravo države na čijoj se teritoriji nalazi nepokretnost.
Član 54
U sporovima o imovinskopravnim zahtevima nadležnost suda Savezne Republike Jugoslavije postoji ako se na teritoriji Savezne Republike Jugoslavije nalazi imovina tuženog ili predmet koji se tužbom traži.
Član 56
Isključiva nadležnost suda Savezne Republike Jugoslavije postoji u sporovima o pravu svojine i o drugim stvarnim pravima na nepokretnosti, u sporovima zbog smetanja poseda na nepokretnosti, kao i u sporovima nastalim iz zakupnih ili najamnih odnosa u pogledu nepokretnosti, ili iz ugovora o korišćenju stana ili poslovnih prostorija, ako se nepokretnost nalazi na teritoriji Savezne Republike Jugoslavije.
Član 59
U sporovima o imovinskim odnosima bračnih drugova u pogledu imovine u Saveznoj Republici Jugoslaviji nadležnost suda Savezne Republike Jugoslavije postoji i kad tuženi nema prebivalište u Saveznoj Republici Jugoslaviji, a tužilac u vreme podnošenja tužbe ima prebivalište ili boravište u Saveznoj Republici Jugoslaviji.
Ako se pretežni deo imovine nalazi u Saveznoj Republici Jugoslaviji, a drugi deo u inostranstvu, sud Savezne Republike Jugoslavije može odlučivati o imovini koja se nalazi u inostranstvu samo u sporu u kome se odlučuje i o imovini u Saveznoj Republici Jugoslaviji, i to samo ako tuženi pristaje da sudi sud Savezne Republike Jugoslavije.
Član 60
Odredbama člana 59. ovog zakona ne dira se u odredbe o isključivoj nadležnosti sudova Savezne Republike Jugoslavije u imovinskopravnim sporovima.
Nadležnost suda Savezne Republike Jugoslavije u sporovima o imovinskim odnosima bračnih drugova po odredbama ovog zakona postoji bez obzira na to da li brak traje ili je prestao, ili je utvrđeno da brak ne postoji.
Član 71
Za raspravljanje nepokretne zaostavštine jugoslovenskih državljana postoji isključiva nadležnost suda Savezne Republike Jugoslavije ako se ta zaostavšitna nalazi u Saveznoj Republici Jugoslaviji.
Ako se nepokretna zaostavština jugoslovenskog državljanina nalazi u inostranstvu, nadležnost suda Savezne Republike Jugoslavije postoji samo ako po pravu države u kojoj se nalaze nepokretnosti nije nadležan njen organ.
Nadležnost suda Savezne Republike Jugoslavije za raspravljanje pokretne zaostavštine jugoslovenskog državljanina postoji ako se pokretnosti nalaze na teritoriji Savezne Republike Jugoslavije ili ako po pravu države u kojoj se pokretnosti nalaze nije nadležan strani organ, odnosno ako taj organ odbija da raspravlja zaostavštinu.
Odredbe st. 1. do 3. ovog člana odnose se i na nadležnost u sporovima iz naslednopravnih odnosa i na sporove o potraživanjima poverilaca prema zaostavštini.
Član 72
Za raspravljanje nepokretne zaostavštine stranog državljanina postoji isključiva nadležnost suda Savezne Republike Jugoslavije ako se nepokretnosti nalaze u Saveznoj Republici Jugoslaviji.
Za raspravljanje pokretne zaostavštine stranog državljanina koja se nalazi u Saveznoj Republici Jugoslaviji nadležan je sud Savezne Republike Jugoslavije, osim ako u državi ostavioca sud nije nadležan za raspravljanje pokretne imovine jugoslovenskih državljana.
Odredbe st. 1. i 2. ovog člana odnose se i na nadležnost u sporovima iz naslednopravnih odnosa i u sporovima o potraživanjima poverilaca prema zaostavštini.
Kad ne postoji nadležnost suda Savezne Republike Jugoslavije za raspravljanje zaostavštine stranog državljanina, sud može odrediti mere za obezbeđenje zaostavštine i za zaštitu prava prema zaostavštini koja se nalazi u Saveznoj Republici Jugoslaviji.
PRIZNANJE I IZVRŠENJE STRANIH ODLUKA
1. Priznanje i izvršenje stranih sudskih odluka
Član 86
Strana sudska odluka izjednačuje se sa odlukom suda Savezne Republike Jugoslavije i proizvodi pravno dejstvo u Saveznoj Republici Jugoslaviji samo ako je prizna sud Savezne Republike Jugoslavije.
Stranom sudskom odlukom u smislu stava 1. ovog člana smatra se i poravnanje zaključeno pred sudom (sudsko poravnanje).
Stranom sudskom odlukom smatra se i odluka drugog organa koja je u državi u kojoj je donesena izjednačena sa sudskom odlukom, odnosno sudskim poravnanjem ako se njome regulišu odnosi predviđeni u članu 1. ovog zakona.
Član 87
Strana sudska odluka priznaće se ako je podnosilac zahteva za priznanje uz tu odluku podneo i potvrdu nadležnog stranog suda, odnosno drugog organa o pravnosnažnosti te odluke po pravu države u kojoj je donesena.
Član 88
Sud Savezne Republike Jugoslavije odbiće priznanje strane sudske odluke ako povodom prigovora lica protiv koga je ta odluka donesena utvrdi da to lice nije moglo učestvovati u postupku zbog nepravilnosti u postupku.
Naročito će se smatrati da lice protiv koga je donesena strana sudska odluka nije moglo učestvovati u postupku zbog toga što mu poziv, tužba ili rešenje kojim je započet postupak nije bilo lično dostavljeno, odnosno što uopšte nije ni pokušano lično dostavljanje, osim ako se na bilo koji način upustilo u raspravljanje o glavnoj stvari u prvostepenom postupku.
Član 89
Strana sudska odluka neće se priznati ako u odnosnoj stvari postoji isključiva nadležnost suda ili drugog organa Savezne Republike Jugoslavije.
Ako tuženi traži priznanje strane sudske odluke koja je donesena u bračnom sporu ili ako to traži tužilac, a tuženi se ne protivi, isključiva nadležnost suda Savezne Republike Jugoslavije nije smetnja za priznanje te odluke.
Član 90
Strana sudska odluka neće se priznati ako je u istoj stvari sud ili drugi organ Savezne Republike Jugoslavije doneo pravnosnažnu odluku ili ako je u Saveznoj Republici Jugoslaviji priznata neka druga strana sudska odluka koja je donesena u istoj stvari.
Sud će zastati sa priznanjem strane sudske odluke ako je pred sudom Savezne Republike Jugoslavije u toku ranije pokrenuta parnica u istoj pravnoj stvari i među istim strankama, i to do pravnosnažnog okončanja te parnice.
Član 91
Strana sudska odluka neće se priznati ako je u suprotnosti sa Ustavom SRJ utvrđenim osnovama društvenog uređenja.
Član 92
Strana sudska odluka neće se priznati ako ne postoji uzajamnost.
Nepostojanje uzajamnosti nije smetnja za priznanje strane sudske odluke donesene u bračnom sporu i u sporu radi utvrđivanja i osporavanja očinstva ili materinstva, kao i ako priznanje ili izvršenje strane sudske odluke traži jugoslovenski državljanin.
Postojanje uzajamnosti u pogledu priznanja strane sudske odluke pretpostavlja se dok se suprotno ne dokaže, a u slučaju sumnje u postojanje te uzajamnosti, objašnjenje daje savezni organ nadležan za poslove pravde.
Član 93
Ako je pri odlučivanju o ličnom stanju (statusu) jugoslovenskog državljanina trebalo po ovom zakonu primeniti pravo Savezne Republike Jugoslavije, strana sudska odluka priznaće se i kad je primenjeno strano pravo ako ta odluka bitno ne odstupa od prava Savezne Republike Jugoslavije koje se primenjuje na takav odnos.
Član 94
Odluke stranih sudova koje se odnose na lično stanje (status) državljanina države čija je odluka u pitanju priznaju se u Saveznoj Republici Jugoslaviji bez preispitivanja od strane suda po članu 89. i čl. 91. i 92. ovog zakona.
Ako nadležni organ Savezne Republike Jugoslavije smatra da se strana sudska odluka odnosi na lično stanje (status) jugoslovenskog državljanina, takva odluka, da bi bila priznata, podleže preispitivanju po odredbama čl. 87. do 92. ovog zakona.
Član 95
Ako se strana sudska odluka odnosi na lično stanje (status) stranaca koji nisu državljani države koja je donela tu odluku, odluka će se priznati samo ako ispunjava uslove za priznanje u državi čiji su državljani odnosna lica.
Član 96
Na izvršenje strane sudske odluke primenjuju se odredbe čl. 87. do 92. ovog zakona.
Podnosilac zahteva za izvršenje strane sudske odluke, pored potvrde iz člana 87. ovog zakona, treba da podnese i potvrdu o izvršnosti te odluke po pravu države u kojoj je donesena.
Zakljucak:
- Saglasno srpskim pripisima/ napred navedenim/, kada se raspravlja o podeli zajednicke nepokretne imovine supruznika, postoji iskljuciva nadleznost srpskih sudovana teritoriji gde se nalazi nepokretnost. Strani sudovi ne mogu raspravljati o podeli nepokretne imovine supruznika u Srbiji.
- Zbog tog principa iskljucive nadleznosti srpskih sudova u resavanju podele zajednicke nepokretne imovine supruznika u Srbiji, ukoliko bi strani sud, u Vasem predmetu, svajcarski odlucivao o podeli zajednicke nepokretne imovine supruznika u Srbiji, takva odluka svajcarskog suda ne bi mogla biti priznata u Srbiji I samim tim bi se stvorila pravna konfuzija u smislu daljih aktivnosti tuzioca i tuzenog kod srpskih drzavnih organa i institucija.
- Nadam se da ce Vam ovaj pregled relevantnih zakonskih odredbi u primeni u Republici Srbiji, pomoci u daljim postupcima koje bi se mogli voditi.
Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Court Decisions in Serbia
Dear colleague Isabelle,
After yesterday's telephone consultations with you, regarding the case of Ms. Branka Markovic I was asked by Ms. Markovic to send you a written explanation regarding the Serbian legal provisions “vis a vis” Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Court Decisions in Serbia.
I do not have intention to enter into the analyses of the judicial decision rendered by the Swiss court in the case of Ms. Branka Markovic, because I have not seen that decision, nor did I participate in that procedure. Therefore, I will focus only on the relevant provisions of Serbian legislation that determine the jurisdiction of the courts in Serbia in the matter of disputes with an international element and consequently, the recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions in Serbia.
What Serbian laws say:
CIVIL PROCEDURE ACT
Zakon o parničnom postupku
- consolidated version –
Part One
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Title One
Article 1
This Act shall regulate the procedural rules under which courts shall hear and
decide disputes over the basic rights and obligations of man and citizen, over personal
and family relations and in labour, commercial, property and other civil law disputes, if
the law does not prescribe for some of these disputes that the court shall resolve them
subject to the rules of some other procedure.
2. Jurisdiction of courts for disputes with an international element
Article 26
A domestic court shall have jurisdiction for a dispute with an international element if it is explicitly stated in the law or in an international treaty.
•My comment: It is explicitly stated in the Law on resolving conflicts of laws with regulations of other countries - Article 71.
If there is no explicit provision in the law or international agreement on the jurisdiction of a domestic court for a certain type of dispute, the domestic court shall have jurisdiction to try that type of dispute if its jurisdiction arises from the provisions of the law on territorial jurisdiction of the domestic court.
Article 51
For the trial of disputes concerning the right of ownership and other real rights to real estate, disputes due to interference with the possession of real estate, as well as disputes arising from leases of real estate, the court in whose territory the real estate is located shall have exclusive territorial jurisdiction.
If the real estate is located in the territory of several courts, each of those courts has jurisdiction.
In disputes due to interference with the possession of movable property, in addition to the court of general territorial jurisdiction, the court in whose territory the interference occurred is also competent.
Family Law of Serbia
Porodicni zakon
Application of the Law Regulating Civil Procedure
Article 202
The following shall apply to court proceedings related to family relations: provisions of the law governing civil procedure, unless otherwise provided by this law.
Territorial jurisdiction
Article 209
In a matrimonial dispute, the court designated by the law governing civil procedure shall have territorial jurisdiction.
• Article 51 of the Civil Procedure Act stipulated above explains that!
LAW ON RESOLVING CONFLICT OF LAWS WITH REGULATIONS OF OTHER COUNTRIES
- Zakon o resavanju sukoba zakona sa propisima drugih zemalja
Article 1
This Law provides for rules on the determination of the law applicable to status, family and property relationships and other substantive relationships that are connected with a foreign element.
This Law further provides for rules on jurisdiction of the courts and other authorities of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for the determination of the relationships referred to in paragraph 1, rules of procedure and rules for the recognition and enforcement of foreign court and arbitration decisions.
Article 2
If this Law does not provide for the rule on the law applicable to a specific relationship falling within the categories referred to in Article 1, paragraph 1 hereof, the provisions and principles of this Law, principles of the legal system of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and principles of international private law shall apply as appropriate.
Article 3
The provisions of this Law shall not apply to relationships referred to in Article 1 hereof, where such matters are governed by another federal law or international treaties.
Article 4
The law of a foreign country shall not apply if its effects would be contrary to the fundamentals of the social system established by the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Chapter Two
APPLICABLE LAW
Article 18
The law applicable to ownership relationships and other ius in rem shall be the law of the place in which the property is located.
Article 21
Contracts relating to immovable property shall be governed exclusively by the law of the country where the property is situated.
Chapter Three
JURISDICTION AND PROCEDURE
- Jurisdiction of courts and other authorities of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in matters with a foreign element
Article 54
In proceedings concerning claims under property law, a court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia shall have jurisdiction if the property of the defendant or the item sought by the action is situated within the territory of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
A court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia shall also have jurisdiction in proceedings which have as their object obligations incurred during the defendant’s stay in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Article 56
A court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia shall have exclusive jurisdiction in proceedings the object of which is the right of ownership and other rights in rem belonging to citizens and civic legal persons, in proceedings concerning the trespass to immovable property, as well as in proceedings which have as their object tenancies of immovable property or contracts for the occupancy of an apartment or business premises, if the immovable property is situated within the territory of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Article 59
In proceedings which have as their object property relationships between spouses that concern property situated in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia shall also have jurisdiction where the defendant is not resident in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the plaintiff is, at the time when action is brought, permanently or temporarily resident in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
If the major part of property is situated in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and the remaining part is situated abroad, a court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia may entertain proceedings concerning the property situated abroad only if such proceedings also have as their object the property situated in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and only if the defendant accepts to submit the matter to the jurisdiction of a court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Article 60
The provisions of Article 59 of this Law shall not prejudice the application of provisions on the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in property-related proceedings.
A court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia shall have jurisdiction in proceedings concerning property relationships between spouses regardless of whether or not the marriage subsists or has been dissolved or declared void.
Article 71
A court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia shall have exclusive jurisdiction to hear cases relating to immovable estate of Yugoslav nationals if such estate is situated in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
If immovable estate of Yugoslav nationals is situated abroad, a court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia shall have jurisdiction only if the authorities of the country in which the immovable property is situated do not have jurisdiction under the law of that country.
A court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia shall have jurisdiction to hear cases relating to movable estate of Yugoslav citizens if the movable property is situated within the territory of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or if a foreign authority does not have jurisdiction under the law of the country in which the property is situated or has declined jurisdiction.
Provisions of paragraphs 1 through 3 of this Article shall also apply to jurisdiction in probate proceedings and proceedings concerning creditors’ claims towards an estate.
Article 72
A court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia shall have exclusive jurisdiction to hear cases concerning immovable estate of foreign nationals if such estate is situated in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
A court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia shall have jurisdiction to hear cases concerning movable estate of a foreign national that is situated in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, unless the court in the country of the deceased has no jurisdiction to hear cases relating to movable property of Yugoslav nationals.
The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall also apply to jurisdiction in probate proceedings and proceedings concerning creditors’ claims towards an estate.
When a court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has no jurisdiction to hear cases on estate of a foreign national it may nevertheless order measures to secure the estate and protect the rights towards the estate which is situated in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Chapter Four
RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN DECISIONS
1. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Decisions
Article 86
A decision of a foreign court shall have the same status as the decision of the court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and it shall produce legal effects in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia only if recognized by a court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
A settlement reached before a court (a court settlement) shall also be considered a foreign court decision within the meaning of paragraph 1 of this Article.
A decision of another authority which is equivalent to the court decision in the country where it was taken shall also be considered a foreign court decision or court settlement respectively if it governs the relationships referred to in Article 1 hereof.
Article 87
A foreign court decision shall be recognized if the applicant has accompanied his request for the recognition with a confirmation of the competent foreign court or another authority respectively that the decision is final and enforceable under the law of the country in which it was taken.
Article 88
The court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia shall decline to recognize a foreign court decision if it establishes, as a result of a review of an objection lodged by the person against whom the decision is passed, that such person was not able to participate in the proceedings due to procedural shortcomings.
It shall particularly be considered that a person against whom the decision was passed was not able to participate in the proceedings since the service of summons, action or ruling instituting the proceedings was not effectuated or at all attempted on him/her personally, unless the person concerned was engaged in the arguments on the merits in the first-instance proceedings.
Article 89
A foreign court decision shall not be recognized if it concerns a legal matter falling within the exclusive jurisdiction of the court or another authority of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
If the defendant is seeking recognition of a foreign decision made in matrimonial proceedings or if the plaintiff requests so and the defendant is not opposing, the exclusive jurisdiction of a court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia shall not be an impediment to the recognition of such decision.
Article 90
A foreign court decision shall not be recognized if a court or other authority of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has rendered an enforceable decision on the same cause of action or if another foreign court decision passed in relation to the same cause of action has already been recognized.
The court shall stay the recognition of a foreign court decision if proceedings involving the same cause of action between the same parties have been brought in a court of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until such time as the original proceedings are completed.
Article 91
A foreign court decision shall not be recognized if it is contrary to the foundations of the social system established by the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Article 92
A foreign court decision shall not be recognized if reciprocity is lacking.
The lack of reciprocity shall not be an impediment to the recognition of a foreign court decision made in matrimonial proceedings or proceedings for the establishment or denial of paternity or maternity, nor if the recognition or enforcement is sought by a Yugoslav national.
The reciprocity in the field of recognition of foreign decisions shall be presumed until evidence to the contrary is presented. In the case of doubt as to the existence of such reciprocity, a clarification shall be provided by the federal authority responsible for the judiciary.
Article 93
A foreign court decision shall be recognized even where a foreign law was applied to the determination of the status of a Yugoslav national which should have been governed by the law of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under this Law, if such decision does not depart significantly from the law of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia which governs the issue concerned.
Article 94
A decision of a foreign court relating to the personal status of a national of the country from which the decision originates shall be recognized without the court examination under Articles 89 and Articles 91 and 92 of this Law.
If an authority of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia having jurisdiction finds that a foreign court decision concerns the personal status of a Yugoslav national, such decision shall be recognized subject to the examination under Articles 87 through 92 hereof.
Article 95
If a foreign court decision relates to the personal status of foreigners who are not nationals of the country which passed the decision, the decision shall be recognized only if it meets the requirements for the recognition in the country of which such persons are nationals.
Article 96
The provisions of Articles 87 through 92 hereof shall apply to the enforcement of a foreign court decision.
An applicant seeking enforcement of a foreign court decision must submit, in addition to the confirmation referred to in Article 87 hereof, a declaration of enforceability of that decision under the law of the country in which it was rendered.
Conclusion:
- According to Serbian regulations/mentioned above/, when discussing the division of joint real estate of spouses, there is exclusive jurisdiction of Serbian courts in the territory where the real estate is located. Foreign courts cannot discuss the division of joint real estate of spouses in Serbia.
- Due to this principle of exclusive jurisdiction of Serbian courts in resolving the division of joint real estate of spouses in Serbia, if a foreign court, in your case, Swiss Court made a decisionon the division of joint real estate of spouses in Serbia, such a decision of the Swiss court could not be recognized in Serbia and thus legal confusion would be created in terms of further activities of the plaintiff and the defendant before Serbian state bodies and institutions.
• I hope that this overview of the relevant legal provisions in force in the Republic of Serbia will help you in further proceedings that may be conducted.
Sincerely,
Zoran M. Kostic
Attorney at Law